41、根据材料，回答41-46问题。
Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright
Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simpleactivities that the majority of us don't question. But an international team of researchers,including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences have discoveredthat human walking upright , may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation tocarrying scarce, high-quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S., England,Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed forfood resources, in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape -- onethat resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor who shared in common with living chimpanzees --to walk on two legs.
"These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs, " said Dr. Richmond.
The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead offour in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. Standing on two legs allows themto can'y much more at one time because it frees up their hands. Over time, intense bursts ofbipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of naturalselection where competition for food or other resources was strong.
Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea, The first study was conducted by theteam in Kyoto University's " outdoor laboratory" in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest.Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different typesof nut -- the oil palm nut, which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut (可乐果),
which is not. The chimpanzees " behavior was monitored in three situations: (a) when only oilpalm nuts were available , (b) when a small number of coula nuts were available, and (c)when coula nuts were the majority available resource. "
When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzeestransported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, thechimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as amore highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.
In such high-competition settings, the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees startedmoving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedalmovement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were activelytrying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available -- even theirmouths.
The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University was a 14-monthstudy of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rateand unpredictable resources. Here,35 percent of the chimpanzees' activity involved some sort ofbipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked "to a clear attempt tocarry as much as possible at one time.
Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs__________?
A．Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.
B．Chimpanzee's behaviors may suggest why humans walk on two legs.
C．Human walking upright is viewed as an adaptation to carrying precious resources.
D．Our ancestors have something in common with those modern-day chimpanzees.
42、 Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of finding__________
A．when humans began walking on two legs
B．What made our ancestors walk upright
C．what benefits walking upright brought to our ancestors
D．how walking upright helped chimpanzees monopolize resources
43、 Kyoto Universitry's study discovered that chimpanzees__________
A．regarded both types of nut as priced resources
B．preferred oil palm nuts to coula nuts
C．liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts
D．ignored both types of nut altogether
44、 Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs during Kyoto University's experiment__________?
A．Because they imitated the human way of walking just for fun.
B．Because they wanted to please the researchers to get more coula nuts from them.
C．Because they wanted to get to the nut-rich forest faster -- by walking that way.
D．Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.
45、 What can we infer from the reading passage__________?
A．Chimpanzees are in the same process of evolution as our ancestors were.
B．Chimpanzees are similar to humans in many behaviors.
C．Walking on two limbs and walking on four limbs each have their advantages.
D．Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.
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46、根据材料，回答46-51问题。
Virtual Driver
Driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzing with a brain, and coordination between hands, feet and brain. A man has sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzes through hisbrain, and maintains coordination (协调) between his hands and brains. He can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body.46__________ Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver'scab (驾驶室), but there is in fact a virtual driver. This virtual driver has eyes, brains, hands and feet too. The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible forobserving the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. If you openthe boot (行李箱), you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system: abuilt-in computer.47__________ The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objectssurrounding the car are moving at, analyzing their position on the road, choosing the right path,and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.
In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver's best advantage is that it reactsquickly.48__________ However, it takes the world's best racecar driver at least one second to react,and this doesn't include the time he needs to take action.
With its rapid reaction and accurate control, the virtual driver can reduce the accident rateon expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it drive at any time and inany place? 49__________With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel onexpressways.
The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly andrecognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes.50 __________. This being the case, people stillhave high hopes about driverless cars, and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of thefuture should be like.
请在第__(46)__处填上正确答案。
A．Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.
B．In the near future, intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation.
C．This is the brain of the car.
D．But how does an intelligent car control itself ?
E．It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds.
F．However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads thathave no clear markings on them.
47、 请在第__(47)__处填上正确答案。
A．Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.
B．In the near future, intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation.
C．This is the brain of the car.
D．But how does an intelligent car control itself
E．It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds.
F．However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads thathave no clear markings on them.
48、 请在第__(48)__处填上正确答案。
A．Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.
B．In the near future, intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation.
C．This is the brain of the car.
D．But how does an intelligent car control itself
E．It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds.
F．However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads thathave no clear markings on them.
49、 请在第__(49)__处填上正确答案。
A．Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.
B．In the near future, intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation.
C．This is the brain of the car.
D．But how does an intelligent car control itself
E．It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds.
F．However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads thathave no clear markings on them.
50、 请在第__(50)__处填上正确答案。
A．Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.
B．In the near future, intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation.
C．This is the brain of the car.
D．But how does an intelligent car control itself
E．It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds.
F．However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads thathave no clear markings on them.
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